 |
Alternative Culture Methods | |
| Economics | ||
| Engineering | ||
| Fish Health | ||
| Genetics | ||
| NCID | ||
| Nutrition | ||
| Potential Alternative Species | ||
| Quality Assurance | ||
| Shellfish | ||
| Water Quality | ||
| Yield Verification |
|
Alternative Culture Methods | |
| Economics | ||
| Engineering | ||
| Fish Health | ||
| Genetics | ||
| NCID | ||
| Nutrition | ||
| Potential Alternative Species | ||
| Quality Assurance | ||
| Shellfish | ||
| Water Quality | ||
| Yield Verification |
| May 22-24, 2006 UF Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory This Information Exchange Group did not meet. |
|
|
| · | Reported on the development of the baitfish nutrition project with SRAC. Will be looking at adding probiotics to baitfish feed. Also looking at normal vs. high fat diets. |
| · | Addition research projects at UAPB
include prebiotics and probiotics in catfish feed, omega-3 fats in catfish, largemouth
bass diets using different lipid sources, and feeds for Pacu. They are also cooperating on a project with |
Gary Burtle – UG |
|
| · | UG will also be working on the SRAC baitfish project. One aspect of the UG study will look at the feasibility of using whole-roasted soybeans as a supplement. |
| Craig Tucker – MSU | |
| · | Nutrition work at NWAC is shifting more toward feeding practices rather that feed components. |
| June 6-8, 2004 University
of Arkansas, Pine Bluff Attendees: Delbert Gatlin, III, TAMU; Bobban Subhadra, UAPB; Jim Rakocy, UVI; Brian Nerrie, VSU; Mike Schwarz, VPI; Lou D’Abramo, MSU; Gary Burtle, UG; Ruguang Chen, UAPB; Allen Davis, AU; Robert Reigh, LSU; Steve Rawles, USDA/ARS/SNARC; Drew Mitchell, USDA/ARS/SNARC; and Gary Jensen, USDA/CSREES. Facilitator: Delbert Gatlin, III, TAMU Co facilitator: Bobban Subhadra, UAPB SESSION SUMMARY: The session began with the formal introduction to the topic by Delbert Gatlin. He requested each participant to give a succinct summary of their current research and raise any issues related to fish nutrition for possible discussion. Brian Nerrie - The issue of maintaining adequate water quality as a function of feeding practices was raised and concern was expressed that there is a tendency among farmers to carelessly feed without trying to accurately match feeding rate with the actual biomass in the pond or other culture system. Such practices may adversely affect water quality. The need for better instruction by Extension specialists to teach farmers more precise feeding practices and limit the effect of overfeeding on water quality deterioration was mentioned. James Rakocy - He described an ongoing project in which hatchery-feeding schedules for tilapia fry were being refined. The best results have thus far been obtained with four feedings per day starting with 20-30% of body weight initially and gradually reducing to 10%, 5% and 2% of body weight. Mike Schwarz – Ongoing nutrition projects including dietary manipulations to reduce waste production from trout was briefly mentioned. He also described ongoing research projects concerning determination of protein and lipid requirements of cobia and flounder species, as well as the need for further research on larval nutrition of these species. He also commented on the very low arachidonic acid (20:4) levels in the diets and tissues of captive broodstocks of marine species compared to the wild fish, and its potential influence on reproductive success. Lou D’Abramo – A semi-purified eggyolk-based diet containing 60% protein and 30% lipid was described and its potential application to marine fish larvae was discussed. Lou indicated previous evaluations of this diet with larval Macrobrachium and sea urchins have been very promising in that it could completely replace Artemia nauplii. He also indicated the composition of this diet could be manipulated rather easily and particle size could be adjusted above 200 microns so that evaluations with other species would be possible. Lou also is currently evaluating low-input aquaculture with Macrobrachium using organic fertilizer. Gary Burtle – He discussed recent evaluations with channel catfish of an alternative protein source produced from blackfly pupae grown on swine and poultry manure. Gary indicated this ingredient contains high moisture and lipid and requires dehydration for proper preservation and ease of handling. The discussion included queries about potential drug residues and toxic agents in the ingredient. Bobban Subhadra - He described the ongoing project on practical diet formulation for largemouth bass using locally available ingredients like poultry meal and poultry fat. Ruguang Chen - He described his current research on evaluating nutrient digestibility of some locally available ingredients with pacu. The fecal stripping method was initially tried but was not successful due to the particular intestinal morphology of this species. He is now relying on the siphoning method but is not sure about the leaching of chromic oxide into the water and how it may affect his results. Allen Davis - He described their ongoing research on the coast with shrimp and red snapper including application of a bioenergetics model to refine feeding schedules for shrimp. In regard to shrimp culture at low salinity, further efforts are underway to supplement the diet with minerals such as potassium, sodium and magnesium to optimize growth and survival in dilute media. They also have research initiatives to evaluate chelating agents to limit mineral leaching in the water. Other studies are investigating the replacement value of betaine for choline in channel catfish diets and the effects of nutrition on reproductive performance of female channel catfish used in the production of hybrids with blue catfish. Robert Reigh - He discussed their ongoing research project on utilization efficiency of intact protein versus crystalline amino acids in channel catfish. He also gave a brief description of projects such as the use of phytase for production of pond-raised catfish, evaluation of the partitioning agent ractopamine in channel catfish, and the dietary supplementation of DHA to enhance the nutritional value of catfish products as a functional food for target groups such as people with cardiovascular disease. He also reported that further research confirmed their earlier findings that stocking catfish fry previously fed in the hatchery was not as cost effective as stocking sac fry due to labor costs in the hatchery. Digestibility studies with pompano are currently being planned. Steve Rawles - He described their research efforts to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients in various practical ingredients for hybrid striped bass, progressing from gross nutrients to amino acids. Studies to replace fish meal with graded levels of poultry meal also were described. The interaction between dietary protein, energy and temperature on growth and protein accretion of hybrid striped bass is another current area of investigation. Drew Mitchell - He mentioned the limited ability in recent years to raise large golden shiners and suggested this may be due to the removal of fish meal in diets fed to baitfish. He also pointed out the importance of appropriate feeding schedules to optimize growth and nutrient utilization of fish. In particular, he mentioned every other day feeding of channel catfish to satiation to potentially save labor and maintain better water quality. Gary Jensen - He discussed the formation of a national organic aquaculture working group and stressed the importance of developing appropriate standards at this time. The USA is currently the largest market for organic products and several European countries are looking to access this market. Delbert Gatlin - He discussed their ongoing projects on the evaluation of dietary nucleotides, glucans and other diet additives as immunomodulators for hybrid striped bass. In addition, studies investigating dietary requirements and metabolism of several different nutrients with red drum, black sea bass and hybrid striped bass were briefly mentioned. |
| March
9-11, 2003 Texas A&M University Attendees: Not available Facilitator: Not available SESSION SUMMARY: |
|
| · | Rebecca Lochmann of UAPB indicated her lab has been investigating vitamin C and vitamin E nutrition of golden shiners as well as determining the relative need for animal protein in diets for larval baitfish. She also indicated they were investigating dietary carotenoid supplementation in goldfish. |
| · | Rob Reigh at LSU mentioned several studies with channel catfish including: evaluation of phytase supplementation to increase the availability of various trace minerals; manipulation of dietary amino acid composition to reduce total crude protein, assessment of crystalline amino acid uptake; evaluation of early-age stocking of catfish fry to eliminate the hatchery phase; assessment of compensatory growth in ponds; and a clinical assessment of n-3 highly-unsaturated fatty acid augmentation of catfish fillets. Rob also mentioned efforts concerning practical diet development for hybrid striped bass. |
| · | Del Gatlin summarized several studies that assessed the effects of dietary selenium, beta-glucans, and nucleotides on immune responses and disease resistance of hybrid striped bass. The zinc requirement of the hybrid striped bass also was established. He also briefly discussed activities with red drum that included assessment of the ideal protein concept and evaluation of various fish and shrimp processing wastes and by-catch from the shrimping industry. Lastly, Del mentioned current efforts to define the minimum dietary protein requirement of black sea bass and evaluate its relative use of carbohydrate and lipid for energy. |
| · | Ken Davis mentioned efforts at SNARC by Jerry Ludwig to study plankton succession in hybrid striped bass fry ponds. He also mentioned the efforts of Steve Rawles’ lab in evaluating carbohydrate utilization of hybrid bass as well as the nutritional value of various practical ingredients including poultry by-product meal. |
| · | Craig Tucker indicated the nutrition research conducted at Stoneville by Ed Robinson, Menghe Li and Bruce Manning was summarized in their station report. |
| March 17-22, 2002 University of
Puerto Rico This IEG did not meet. |
| March 19-20, 2001 Mississippi
State University Attendees: There were thirteen participants Facilitator: Not available Dr. Tom Schwedler of Clemson University began the discussion with a concern over the effects of winter feeding strategies and nutrition on high winter disease mortality. This initiated a good discussion on the role of nutrition in fish health. Many questions including the palatability of diets at cold temperatures and the potential need for more nutrient dense diets during the winter were discussed. This discussion led into individual reports from the various research groups which tended to focus on the relationship between nutrition and disease resistence, and concluded with an overall opinion that more research is needed in this area and in the study of environmental influences on feeding and nutrition. Oral reports of ongoing research by those in attendance are briefly outlined below. Further details cans be found in the research summarys provided by each attending institution. Oral reports: |
|
| · | Dr. Delbert Gatlin discussed the research program at Texas A&M University and their study of the interaction between nutrition and health in hybrid striped bass. Specifically, they have recently been looking at the effects of high dietary levels of vitamins C and E on disease resistance. Other areas of research discussed included the effects of increased dietary arginine and the addition of $-glugan to bass diets as a means of increasing disease resistance. This group is also currently working to improve nitrogen efficiency in optimization of dietary lysine:methionine ratios. |
| · | Drs. Menghe Li and Bruce Manning discussed Mississippi State University’s nutritional research program which included vitamin C and E research on disease resistance in channel catfish. Other areas of discussion by these two researchers included the evaluation of animal protein sources in catfish diets, the effects of stocking density and feeding rate on protein requirements, and the effects of micotoxins on catfish growth and health. |
| · | Dr. Robert Reigh of Louisiana State University discussed research being conducted on the use of phytase in catfish feeds as a means of improving dietary mineral availability, and work being done to drop nonessential amino acid levels in catfish diets in an effort to reduce dietary protein levels while still meeting essential amino acid requirements. |
| · | Dr. Rebecca Lochmann of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff discussed her research in golden shiner nutrition and specifically on the dietary requirement of this fish for vitamin C. |
| · | Dr. Allan Davis of Auburn University briefly discussed some research he had conducted concerning dietary protein requirements and alternate dietary protein sources for red drum and shrimp. Dr. Davis also discussed the high HUFA requirement of larval yellowtail. |
| · | Dr. Gary Burtle discussed research at the University of Georgia involving the addition of fiber degrading enzymes to catfish feeds as a means of improving fiber digestibility. |
| · | Dr. Brian Small of the USDA/ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit briefly discussed his research concerning the hormonal regulation of catfish growth, and plans to conduct collaborative research on nutrient regulation of the endocrine system in catfish. |
| · | Dr. Steve Rawles of the USDA/ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center discussed his research involving the use of fish meal analogs in hybrid striped bass diets and plans to define amino acid availability from feed ingredients fed to hybrid striped bass. |
| March 29-30, 2000 Louisiana State University Attendees: Gary Burtle, University of GA; Allen Davis, Auburn University; Delbert Gatlin, Texas A&M; Casey Grimm, USDA/ARS New Orleans; Ramesh Grummadi, LSU; Wei Bin Yan, LSU Facilitator: Not available SESSION SUMMARY: Most participants in this group had attended the effluents exchange group and thus continued to discuss nutritional manipulations to reduce excretion of enriching nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Burtle summarized his research in which dietary supplementation of cellulase and xylanase enzymes was evaluated in terms of increasing utilization of cottonseed meal by channel catfish. Results to date have not indicated substantial positive effects of these enzymes. Gatlin mentioned phytase supplementation of diets for red drum did increase phosphorus availability, and increasing the dietary energy to protein also reduced nitrogen excretion by red drum. Yan also reported positive results of phytase supplementation in improving availability of phosphorus and other minerals to channel catfish. The group then discussed feed manufacturing processes which may prevent destruction of heat-sensitive enzymes. Spraying these compounds on feed pellets after extrusion appears to be the most promising approach. |
| March 15-16, 1999 Kentucky
State University Attendees: Facilitator: Not available SESSION SUMMARY: Rob Reigh gave report for LSU: |
|
| · | Use of phytase to improve phosphorus retention in channel catfish |
| · | Effect of particle size on digestibility of channel catfish in an effort to reduce Aquacultural waste and discharge. Found that a smaller-size feed had reduced digestibility. He found this confusing. |
| · | Reduce dispensable amino acid levels on dietary nitrogen utilization by channel catfish to see if one can use to increase nitrogen utilization. |
| · | Use of reduced protein diets and their effect on nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization in channel catfish. |
| · | Determine methionine metabolism in tilapia and then use labeled methionine to see where it ends up in the fish. |
| Gary Burtle gave Univ. of Georgia report. | |
| · | Reported that he had conducted numerous studies with supplemental enzymes and that the moisture constant needed to be high (80-98%) in order for enzymes to work. Diets need to be thoroughly mixed and broken-apart in the fish's gut for enzymes to have the desired effect. |
| Hugh Thomforde gave UAPB report. | |
| · | He stated that baitfish farmers in AR like to feed meals to fish and that there was a need by extension personnel to see if they could get farmers to adopt feeding a high-fat, inexpensive diet for baitfish that farmers liked to feed - mainly because it was cheap. |
| Delbert Gatlin gave Texas A&M report: | |
| · | Channel catfish research evaluated different arginine levels on weight gain and other biological indices for channel catfish. Results indicated at least 1.0% arginine is required, but that glutamate appeared to spare part of the needed arginine. |
| · | Channel catfish - Compensatory growth was evaluated in channel catfish. Fish were either fed 1x every day or were unfed for 28 days after which they were fed to satiation. At the end of the study, fish not fed for 28 days reduced weight gains compared to fish fed every day. |
| · | Red drum - Feeding study where it was determined that red drum had an arginine requirement of 1.4% of the diet and that dietary glutamic acid could spare arginine. |
| · | Red drum - Use of dietary carnitine in diets for red drum did not significantly affect weight gain, although some of the fish's enzyme activities were increased. In another study, while carnitine did not affect growth of red drum, dietary lysine did significantly increase weight gains of fish. |
| · | HSTB - Vitamin C requirement of HSTB was determined to be 22 mg/kg of diet. |
| · | HSTB - Digestibility trials were conducted to determine the digestibility of various diet ingredients for HSTB. It was determined that FM and meat-and-bone meal were digested well by sunshine bass; SBM and cottonseed meal were digested well also; rice bran, wheat, and wheat midds were fairly well-digested; sorghum and corn were poorly digested. |
| Carl Webster made KSU report: | |
| · | HSTB - Reported that several diet formulations looked promising in which FM totally replaced by a combination of plant (SBM) and animal protein sources. |
| · | Blue catfish appeared to be able to utilize a diet with 22% protein equally well as a diet with 32% protein, but channel catfish could not. |
| · | (Not reported) Evaluated the use of hempseed meal as a plant protein source for channel catfish. HSM appears to be suitable for inclusion in catfish diets. |
| Clemson University March 15-17, 1998 Attendees: Not available Facilitator: Gary Burtle SESSION SUMMARY: ARS-Auburn, AL has food safety issue research in diagnostic testing using PCR for identifyiing bacteria in fish tissue, including Edwardsiella ictaluri, Flexibacter columnaris, and Streptococcus. Characterization of S. inea in tilapia cases indicates a very low incidence. Human cases of S. inea infection are not as serious as feared. Human strains seem to be different from fish strains by several bands after electrophoresis of samples. |
|
| · | Kentucky is concerned in developing diets
for emerging aquaculture species such as walleye and yellow perch. Walleye require very
high protein diets, such as salmonid typedicts.
Yellow perch also require high protein diets for acceptable g.rowth.
Largemouth bass tissues including egg tissue has been analyzed for specific composition in
order to estimate nutritional requirements. An unusual amount of certain fatty acids were
found that may define a unique lipid requirement. Blue catfish and hybrid striped bass nutritionals were discussed. Bob Durborow
has worked on a book chapter describing fish quality topics including Streptococcus contamination,
Pfisteria toxicosis, HACCP, salt and moisture content. |
| March 24-26, 1997 University of Tennessee Attendees: Not available Facilitator: Delbert Gatlin SESSION SUMMARY: The status of projects funded by the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) which include nutrition-related activities was reviewed. Then research activities of participants in the nutrition exchange group were presented. Listed below are summaries of those presentations. University of Georgia |
|
| · | Gary Burtle reported on his efforts to evaluate ethanol-extracted soybean meal products with channel catfish and the need to develop more cost-effective products. He also mentioned some investigations of feed-related anemia in channel catfish. |
| University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff | |
| · | Hugh Thomforde mentioned the baitfish industry is concerned about developing more refined winter feeding regimes. He also mentioned that Rebecca Lochmann is continuing to conduct research on nutritional requirements of baitfish and hybrid striped bass. |
| North Carolina State University | |
| · | Harry Daniels reported on investigation of feeding strategies for hybrid striped bass to improve water quality in ponds. He also mentioned that collaborative projects with Margie Gallagher at East Carolina University were investigating “fatty liver” in hybrid striped bass and effects of broodstock nutrition on egg quality of hybrids. Harry also mentioned recently initiated projects concerning nutritional requirements of juvenile southern flounder and development of weaning diets for larval flounder. |
| University of Memphis | |
| · | Ken Davis discussed a collaborative project with Mississippi State University in which reduced vitamin supplementation of practical diets did not cause influenced stress responses of channel catfish. He also indicated similar investigations of various dietary components on stress responses of hybrid striped bass and baitfish were being conducted in cooperation with the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Thom Chung mentioned his interest in tannins and how they inhibited the growth of aquatic microbes. |
| University of Tennessee | |
| · | Tom Hill reviewed aspects of the SRAC-funded project on catfish off-flavor reduction which involved reducing the level of phosphorus entering pond systems via the diet. |
| Kentucky State University | |
| · | Jim Tidwell reported on activities in which he and Carl Webster have been involved concerning several different aquatic species. Jim reviewed studies concerning dietary protein requirements of largemouth bass and hybrid bluegill. A study was conducted to evaluate protein:energy ratio on storage quality of hybrid striped bass. Carl also has conducted studies concerning the potential substitution of canola meal in the diet of channel catfish. Nutritional needs of the channel/blue catfish hybrid are being investigated. Future studies will include determining protein requirements of walleye in ponds, fatty acid requirements of largemouth bass, and nutritional requirements of red claw crayfish. |
| Virginia State University | |
| · | Scott Newton reviewed a study from 1996 in which hybrid striped bass were fed either once or twice per day. He also indicated plans to continue studies with rainbow trout and brook trout. |
| USDA-ARS Laboratory in New Orleans, Louisiana | |
| · | Chris Dionigi mentioned his interest in determining if diet composition and/or feeding regimes could alter phytoplankton production to reduce off-flavor in catfish ponds. He is also interested in how lipid composition of fish influences off-flavor and if there are algae static compounds in certain feed ingredients. |
| National Aquaculture Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas | |
| · | Harry Dupree reviewed results of their “two pond” studies in which two species were cultured in adjacent ponds and water was circulated between ponds. Improved feed efficiency and increased production of channel catfish appeared to be related to a reduced fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the ponds. |
| Texas A&M University | |
| · | Delbert Gatlin mentioned studies in which the metabolic protein and energy requirements of red drum for maintenance and maximum growth were determined. The influence of dietary energy density on nitrogen excretion of red drum is being investigated as well as the effects of dissolved oxygen on growth and feed utilization. Studies also are in progress to evaluate feeding regimes that will illicit compensatory growth responses of channel catfish. Investigations of “fatty liver” in red drum and hybrid striped bass have been conducted. A series of experiments to characterize the utilization of simple and complex carbohydrates by hybrid striped bass is currently in progress. |
| Activities of other investigators not present at the exchange group meeting may be summarized in the station reports. | |
| March 24-26, 1996 |
|
| · | Jim Tidwell and Carl Webster reported on a variety of issues related to nutrition and feeding of several different aquatic species. Jim indicated that a diet with 47% crude protein provided the best growth and survival of year-2 largemouth bass. The effects of stocking density on production of feed-trained largemouth bass also have been investigated. The nutritional contribution of pond biota to the growth of freshwater prawns has been assessed. Walleye production also is being investigated. Carl has conducted studies to determine the potential substitution of canola meal for soybean meal in the diet of channel catfish. He also has evaluated fish meal replacement in diets of hybrid striped bass. |
| University of |
|
| · | Rebecca Lochmann summarized activities in determining basic nutrient requirements of golden shiners and goldfish along with evaluating the contributions of natural productivity and prepared feeds to the nutrition of golden shiners. She also mentioned evaluation of fish silage and worm meal in the diet of golden shiners and channel catfish. Lipid supplementation of practical diets for hybrid striped bass currently is being evaluated. |
| University of |
|
| · | Gary Burtle and Larry Newton have been evaluating ethanol-extracted soybean meal with channel catfish and the potential need for methionine supplementation of soybean-meal-based diets. Drs. Burtle and Huang also have conducted a study to characterize the textural differences between smaller (< 300g) and larger (>500g) channel catfish. Ronnie Gilbert has produced year-2, feed-trained largemouth bass at 3000 lb/acre. |
| Northwestern |
|
| · | Hank Jarboe reported on studies concerning the influence of feeding time and frequency in raceway systems on growth of channel catfish and water quality characteristics. |
| Langston |
|
| · | Konrad Klienholtz has been evaluating restricted feeding regimes for channel catfish based on maintaining adequate water quality in ponds that do not receive supplemental aeration. |
| · | Robert Reigh reported on the evaluation of particle size on digestibility of feed stuffs by channel catfish. He also mentioned a 3-year trial in progress with channel catfish in which protein based diets are being compared with a more traditional formulation containing some animal protein. A study was recently completed in which lysine supplementation of diets for hybrid striped bass was examined. Maxwell Mayeaux has completed research on protein and energy nutrition of snapping turtles. A study concerning methionine supplementation of diets for Penaeus setiferus will soon be initiated. |
| Rice Research Station. | |
| · | Ray McClain reported on preliminary results of feeding whole feedstuffs such as soybeans, corn and rice as supplements to crawfish in forage-based systems. Integrating supplemental feeding of low-cost feed stuffs with management of population density and harvesting strategies may allow enhanced production of larger, more valuable crawfish. |
| North Carolina |
|
| · | Ron Hodson discussed plans to investigate various aspects of feeding strategies for hybrid striped bass in ponds. He also mentioned the need for more information concerning nutrition of striped bass broodstock. |
| · | Delbert Gatlin mentioned studies in which the influence of dietary lipid on cold adaptation of red drum has been characterized. Additional studies are underway to more definitively establish the metabolic protein and energy requirements of red drum for maintenance and maximum growth. A study also have been conducted in which vitamin E supplementation of practical diets for channel catfish was assessed under conditions of commercial production. Studies are in progress to characterize the utilization of simple and complex carbohydrates by hybrid striped bass. |
| Activities of other investigators not present at the exchange group meeting may be summarized in the station reports. | |
| March 18-20, 1995 Attendees: Not available Facilitator: R.T. Lovell SESSION SUMMARY: The following research projects were discussed by the sponsoring institutions. |
|
| · | Comparison of phosphorus sources for channel catfish - Lovell and Eya. |
| · | Reducing trace mineral requirements of channel catfish by feeding chelated minerals - Lovell and Parapotonanant |
| · | Identifying the mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliform toxic to channel catfish - Lovel1 and Manning. |
| · | Is winter feeding of channel catfish necessary - Lovell and Kim. |
| · | Effects of feeding versus fasting an immune responses in channel catfish - Lovell and Okwoche. |
| · | Bioefficacy of free versus protein-bound amino acids in catfish feeds - Lovell and Zarate. |
| · | The effect of overwinter feeding on maximum voluntary feed intake by channel catfish in spring - Popma. |
| Arkansas-University of |
|
| · | Dietary lipid requirements of baitfish (golden shiners and goldfish). - Lochmann and Phillips. |
| · | Use of stable carbon isotope ratios to determine the relative contributions of natural and artificial food sources to nutrition of baitfish. - Lochmann and Phillips. |
| · | Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to compare utilization different feed forms by tilapia. - Lochmann and Perschbacher. |
| · | Optimal dietary protein: energy ratios for baitfish. - Lochmann and Phillips. |
| · | Fish silage production and use in diets for channel catfish and golden shiners. - Lochmann and Brown. |
| · | Worm meal production and use in diets for baitfish. - Lochmann and Phillips. |
| · | Lipid nutrition of striped bass and health implications for human consumers. - Lochmann and Jairaj. |
| Georgia - Coastal Plain Experunent Station, |
|
| · | Protein sources for channel catfish diets are studied for protein quality
and amino acid unavailability. Ingredients to be tested include pearl millet grain, soy
protein concentrate, peanut meal, peanut protein concentrate, and cottonseed protein
concentrate. Burtle, |
| Louisiana-Louisiana |
|
| · | Essential fatty acid requirements of red drum. - Reigh and Chan. |
| · | Improving palatability of practical diets with attractants. -Reigh. |
| Kentucky-Kentucky |
|
| · | Determination of protein and lipid requirements of hybrid striped bass. - Webster and Tidwell. |
| · | Effects of feeding a repartitioning agent on dressing yield, weight gain and composition of gain in blue catfish. - Webster and Tidwell. |
| North |
|
| · | Crawfish baits are being developed using poultry processing and potato processing wastes. - Daniels. |
| South Carolina - |
|
| · | Phase feeding of caged channel catfish using different protein levels in feeds. - Schwedler. |
| Texas-Texas |
|
| · | Optimization of nutritional and environmental factors for intensive aquaculture of red drum. - Gatlin, Neill, Barnes, Fernandez, Gaylord, Moon, Oborny, Schwartz and Stahl. |
| · | Advancements in nutrition, feeding and compositional assessment of hybrid striped bass for enhanced aquacultural development. - Gatlin, Murphy, Brown, Keembiyehetty, and Nematipour. |
| · | Lipid nutrition of red drum: effects on cold tolerance and body
composition. - Gatlin, Neill, Craig, and |
| · | Evaluation of glycine with penaeid shrimp and red drum. -- Linton and Gatlin. |
| · | Effect of nutrition on body composition and subsequent storage quality of farm-raised channel catfish. - Gatlin, Davis and Alleger. |
| University of |
|
| · | Determination of nutrient requirements, optimization of practical diet
formulations and the development of environmentally friendly feeds for commercially
produced warm water marine species. Additional activities include intensive culture
techniques for the production of marine fish and shrimp, identification and evaluation of
"new" culture species. - |
| USDA-Fish Disease and Parasite
Laboratory, |
|
| · | Influences of nutrition on nonspecific and specific immune responses
against bacterial and parasitic diseases in channel catfish:
|
| United States Department of the Interior - Southeastern Fish Cultural Laboratory: | |
| · | Assessment of synthetic hormones as growth promoters in channel catfish.- Galvez. |
| · | Several commercial (beef cattle) growth promoters are being evaluated; one has been determined to successfully masculinize channel catfish fry, potentially allowing for commercial monoculture. - Galvez, Mazik. |
| · | Assimilation of feeds by channel catfish and effects on water quality. The
impact of undigested feed on water quality is being examined. - |
| Priorities identified for future research in nutrition related areas are: | |
| · | Influence of nutrition and feeding strategies on fish health. |
| · | Reducing feed costs through ingredient substitutions. |
| · | Refining the nutrient allowances for grow-out fish. |
| · | Reducing unassimilated nutrients in fish culture systems through diet improvement. |
| March 13-15, 1994 Attendees: Randy Robinette, MSU; Gary Burtle, UG; Paul Brown, PU; Steve Rawles, TAMU; Allen Davis, TAMU; Bill Neill, TAMU; Jim Tidwell, KSU; Tiachi Samocha, TAMU; Del Gatlin, TAMU Facilitator: Del Gatlin SESSION SUMMARY: This group had a very informative meeting covering diverse nutrition topics. Current status of national and regional programs concerning the role of nutrition in water quality and effluents was reviewed. Some personal experiences in this particular area were discussed. The influence of benthic communities on nutritional ecology of crustaceans was discussed. The recently-approved Nutrition project funded by the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (SRAC) was also reviewed. |
